How does Java achieve platform independence?

Java is renowned for its platform independence, allowing a Java program to operate seamlessly across various platforms and operating systems such as Windows, Linux, or Solaris without necessitating any alterations. This stands in stark contrast to platform-dependent languages like C or C++, where code must be adapted for each platform due to their reliance on native libraries that differ across platforms. So, how does Java manage to achieve this remarkable feat of platform independence?

When delving into Java’s quest for platform independence, understanding the concepts of class files, bytecode, and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is essential. Consider it akin to a versatile universal remote control that can operate any television brand, regardless of its make or model — the remote control symbolizing the JVM, which allows Java programs to function independently of any particular platform or machine.

Java Compilation and Execution:

In Java, both compilation and interpretation are integral processes. Compiling a Java program results in the creation of a .class file, containing bytecode instructions comprehensible to the Java virtual machine. Unlike machine instructions, bytecode is platform-independent, serving as instructions for the JVM.